Download Linear algebra and its applications 4th edition in PDF for free .Gilbert Strang.
Revising this textbook has been a special challenge, for a very nice reason. So many
people have read this book, and taught from it, and even loved it. The spirit of the book
could never change. This text was written to help our teaching of linear algebra keep up
with the enormous importance of this subject-which just continues to grow.
One step was certainly possible and desirable-to add new problems. Teaching
for all these years required hundreds of new exam questions (especially with quizzes
going onto the web). I think you will approve of the extended choice of problems. The
questions are still a mixture of explain and compute-the two complementary approaches
to learning this beautiful subject.
I personally believe that many more people need linear algebra than calculus.
Isaac Newton might not agree ! But he isn't teaching mathematics in the 21st century
(and maybe he wasn't a great teacher, but we will give him the benefit of the doubt).
Certainly the laws of physics are well expressed by differential equations. Newton needed
calculus-quite right. But the scope of science and engineering and management (and
life) is now so much wider, and linear algebra has moved into a central place.
May I say a little more, because many universities have not yet adjusted the balance
toward linear algebra. Working with curved lines and curved surfaces, the first step is
always to linearize. Replace the curve by its tangent line, fit the surface by a plane,
and the problem becomes linear. The power of this subject comes when you have ten
variables, or 1000 variables, instead of two.
You might think I am exaggerating to use the word "beautiful" for a basic course
in mathematics. Not at all. This subject begins with two vectors v and w, pointing in
different directions. The key step is to take their linear combinations. We multiply to
get 3v and 4w, and we add to get the particular combination 3v + 4w. That new vector
is in the same plane as v and w. When we take all combinations, we are filling in the
whole plane. If I draw v and w on this page, their combinations cv + dw fill the page
(and beyond), but they don't go up from the page.
In the language of linear equations, I can solve cv+dw = b exactly when the
vector b lies in the same plane as v and w.
Download Linear algebra and its applications 4th Edition PDF
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